Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Strategic Management of Passive Defense, Supreme National Defense University and Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
2
Associate Professor and Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
3
PhD Candidate in Strategic Management of Passive Defense, Supreme National Defense University and Research Institute, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author)
Abstract
Ensuring an effective level of preparedness in passive defense across the three fundamental layers of national governance—namely governance, critical infrastructures, and the population—requires a strategic perspective grounded in leveraging strengths, exploiting opportunities, and mobilizing national drivers, capabilities, and instruments. Achieving resilience against emerging threats necessitates the formulation and implementation of appropriate strategies at the national level. In this regard, establishing coordination, integration, synergy, and shared conceptual frameworks between civilian and military domains under the guidance of executive institutions and in alignment with the country’s defense and security policies constitutes a core requirement of strategic national management. Such an approach inevitably calls for comprehensive and inclusive strategies. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to formulate preparedness strategies for passive defense in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research is applied–developmental in purpose and employs a descriptive–analytical methodology with a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, the expert population comprised specialists in strategic studies, passive defense, and related disciplines. Data saturation was achieved after conducting semi-structured interviews with nine experts. In the quantitative phase, data were collected from 113 university faculty members, passive defense managers, and defense and military experts. The findings resulted in the identification of 19 macro-level strategies derived from 23 strengths, 32 weaknesses, 19 opportunities, and 16 threats.
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