The views and views of the United States in the war with Afghanistan (2001)coincided with the match in two periods before and after that

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Professor and member of the faculty of Imam Hossein University

2 Member of the faculty of Imam Hussein University

3 PhD student in Strategic Defense Sciences, Higher National Defense University

4 دانشجوی دکتری علوم دفاعی راهبردی دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملی

Abstract

After the Second World War, the United States, by defining communism as an opposing ideology of liberalism, introduced the Soviet Union as its own enemy, and this was the main reason for America's foreign policy. In the 1990 s, some American thinkers introduced radical Islam as the main enemy of the United States, and some cited the end of history as well as the war of civilizations, but none of these issues could inspire the magnitude of the September 11 events in this regard. Using these events, President George Bush made terrorism an alternative to communism during the Cold War and was able to forge their big goals in the form of the Greater Middle East initiative by fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq. This study tries to answer the question that the ~ ~ U.S. ~ ~ views and views on the war with Afghanistan have been matched in two periods of time before and after what has been done? The kind of research applied research is done in the case study area with a sample size of 20 people. Using descriptive expertise and interpretation analysis, the comparative study of the u.s. war in Afghanistan was analyzed in two periods before and afterwards to obtain the viewpoint of the united states using descriptive statistics and other quality data collected through content analysis and expertise interviews and structured interviews.

Keywords

References

  • فهرست منابع

    - "قرآن کریم"

    - امام خمینی (رحمت ا... علیه)، "صحیفه نور"

    - امام خامنه‌ای (مدظله‌العالی)، "مجموعه بیانات"

    - "قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران"

    الف- منابع فارسی:

    - افشردی، محمدحسین (1381)، "ژئوپلیتیک قفقاز و سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران"، تهران، دانشکده فرماندهی و ستاد سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی، دوره عالی جنگ

    - صفوی، سیدیحیی (1381)، "مقدمه‌ای بر جغرافیای نظامی ایران"، تهران، سازمان جغرافیایی نیروهای مسلح، جلد اول، چاپ دوم

    - رستمی، علی‌اکبر (1394)، "تدوین ویژگی‌های جنگ احتمالی آینده آمریکا علیه ج. ا. ایران در خلیج‌فارس و ارائه راهبردهای نظامی مقابله با آن"، رساله دکتری، تهران، دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملّی

    - کیاپاشا، ابوطالب و همکاران (1392)، "مطالعه تطبیقی جنگ‌های اخیر آمریکا شامل جنگ سال 1991 علیه عراق، جنگ در یوگسلاوی سابق، جنگ علیه افغانستان و جنگ سال 2003 علیه عراق و تعیین الگوی رفتاری دشمن"، پروژه تحقیقاتی، تهران، معاونت عملیات سپاه

    - معاونت اطلاعات سپاه (1391)، "برآورد اطلاعات راهبردی آمریکا"، تهران

    ب- منابع انگلیسی:

    • Gustavsson, J. 1999, How Should We Study Foreign Policy Change? Cooperation and Conflict, 34-1, pp. 73-95.
    • Hinnebusch, Raymond, 2015, Structure over Agency: The Arab Uprising and the Regional Struggle for Power, The Eastern Mediterranean In Transition: Multipolarity, Politics And Power, ed. Spyridon N.Litsas, Ashgate.
Strategic Defense Studies
Volume 19, Issue 86 - Serial Number 86
Nineteenth Year, No. 86 - Winter 1400
January 2022
Pages 151-168

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